Test: The Solar energy Quiz

Greenhouses remain an important part of horticulture today, while plastic transparent materials have also been used to similar effect in _____s and row covers.

In agriculture, _____s expand growing seasons and photovoltaic-powered pumps provide water for grazing animals.

The solar bowl is a unique concentrating technology employed by the Solar Kitchen in _____, India.

_____ trees and plants have often been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling.

Evaporation ponds are shallow pools that concentrate dissolved solids through _____.

A 50kW prototype was constructed in _____, Spain and operated for eight years before decommissioning in 1989.

The absorption of solar energy by atmospheric convection and evaporation and condensation of water vapor powers the _____ and drives the winds.

_____s, clotheshorses, and clothes racks dry clothes through evaporation.

Installed PV capacity has risen from 100MW in _____ to approximately _____,150MW at the end of _____.

The first modern greenhouses were built in _____ in the 16th century to conserve exotic plants brought back from explorations abroad.

_____ is receiving photoelectric power for about 2.2¢/kWh and grid power for 9¢/kWh.

when it was founded, the winner's average speed was , in what year?

The first solar cell was constructed by _____ in the 1880s.

The first large-scale solar distillation project was constructed in 1872 in the _____an mining town of Las Salinas.

Off-grid PV systems have traditionally used _____ to store excess electricity.

As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands, causing an upward _____ force, much like an artificially-heated hot air balloon.

Since 2006 it has been economical for investors to install photovoltaics for free in return for a long term _____.

Well-designed systems can lower _____, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.

A prototype was constructed in 1958 on the shores of the Dead Sea near _____.

More sophisticated concentrating technologies magnify the rays of the Sun for high-temperature material testing, metal _____ and industrial chemical production.

Hybrid solar lighting is an _____ method of using sunlight to provide illumination.

As a result, PV installations in the country climbed from _____.2MW in _____ to 318MW in _____, and worldwide production growth increased to 30% in the late 1990s.

The elemental features of _____ architecture are Sun orientation, compact proportion , selective shading and thermal mass.

Since the mid-1990s, leadership in the PV sector has shifted from the US to _____ and Germany.

A _____ is a device that converts light into direct current using the photoelectric effect.

Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and _____.

Between _____ and _____, photovoltaic installations grew rapidly, but falling oil prices in the early 1980s moderated the growth of PV from _____ to _____.

A _____ is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air.

During the short growing seasons of the _____, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy.

Solar energy technologies use _____ for practical ends.

In the 20th century artificial _____ became the main source of interior illumination.

The 11MW PS10 power tower in Spain, completed in late _____, is Europe's first commercial CSP system and a total capacity of 300MW is expected to be installed in the same area by _____.

The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy via _____ produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.

_____ technologies have been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s.

Primitive greenhouses were first used during Roman times to grow cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor _____.

PV has mainly been used to power small and medium-sized applications, from the _____ powered by a single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array.

Photovoltaic production growth has averaged 40% per year since _____ and installed capacity reached _____.6GW at the end of _____.

As of _____, over _____ large Scheffler cookers had been built worldwide.

This _____,700m² still could produce up to _____,700L per day and operated for 40years.

50% of commercial systems were installed in this manner in _____ and it is expected that 90% will by _____.

A reflector developed by _____ in 1986 is used in many solar kitchens.

There are two types of photoelectrochemical cells: photoelectric cells that convert light into electricity and photochemical cells that use light to drive chemical reactions such as _____.

Photovoltaics went on to play an essential part in the success of early commercial satellites such as _____ and continue to remain vital to the telecommunications infrastructure today.

_____ programs give these systems a credit for the electricity they deliver to the grid.

The Romans recognized a _____ as early as the 6th century and English law echoed these judgments with the Prescription Act of 1832.

This process uses a 1MW solar furnace to decompose _____ at temperatures above 1200°C.

_____s are used to harvest salt and clean waste streams of contaminants.

_____ legislation specifically protects the 'right to dry' and similar solar rights legislation has been passed in Utah and Hawaii.

_____s are a proposed form of spacecraft propulsion using large membrane mirrors to exploit radiation pressure from the sun.

_____ systems use a large solar array in geosynchronous orbit to collect sunlight and beam this energy in the form of microwave radiation to receivers on Earth for distribution.

These higher temperatures are the result of urban materials such as asphalt and concrete that have lower _____s and higher heat capacities than the natural environment.

The Zephyr, developed by BAE Systems, is the latest in a line of record-breaking solar aircraft, making a 54-hour flight in _____, and month-long flights are envisioned by _____.

the unmanned Sunrise II inaugurated the era of solar flight in what year?

The world's largest Scheffler reflector system in Abu Road, _____, India is capable of cooking up to 35,000 meals a day.

_____ equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can also complement passive design and improve system performance.

Solar _____ and disinfection techniques produce potable water for millions of people worldwide.

_____ techniques optimize the use of light in buildings.

SODIS is recommended by the _____ as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage.

A range of _____ solar vehicles provide ground, air and sea transportation.

Beginning with the surge in _____ use which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels.

Under the direction of Soviet scientist _____ a concentrating system was used to thermoelectrically generate power for a 1hp engine.

In contrast, worldwide electricity consumption was approximately _____.0567ZJ in _____, and total worldwide primary energy consumption was _____.487ZJ in the same year.

Solar energy is the utilization of the _____ from the Sun.

the Gossamer Penguin made the first piloted flights powered solely by photovoltaics in what year?

A _____ is a pool of salt water that collects and stores solar energy.

The _____ oil embargo and _____ energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world and brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies.

_____ systems collect and distribute sunlight to provide interior illumination.

Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun in what year?

These factors moderated growth to approximately 15% per year from _____ through _____.

Between _____ and _____ Japan increased R&D funding, established net metering guidelines, and introduced a subsidy program to encourage the installation of residential PV systems.

In all these systems a _____ is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage.

Steadily falling oil prices during the early 1980s led to a reduction in funding for photovoltaic R&D and a discontinuation of the tax credits associated with the _____ of 1978.

the first practical solar boat was constructed in England in what year?

Solar _____ is the production of potable water from saline or brackish water using solar energy.

Economies of scale which resulted from increasing production along with improvements in system performance brought the price of PV down from 100USD/watt in _____ to 7USD/watt in _____.

Solar ponds were first proposed by Dr. Rudolph Bloch in 1948 after he came across reports of a lake in _____ in which the temperature increased with depth.

In the United States, _____ and Australia, heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water, with an installed capacity of 18GW as of 2005.

China is the world leader in the deployment of solar hot water with 70GW installed as of _____ and a long term goal of 210GW by _____.

Socrates' Megaron House is not a classic example of passive solar design.

The SEGS plants in California and Acciona's _____ near Boulder City, Nevada are representatives of this technology.

The _____ stimulated a rapid rise in the production of PV during the 1970s and early 1980s.

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